![]() ![]() 4 Notable breakthroughs included the discovery of cortisone and clinical evaluation of its anti-inflammatory effect in patients with rheumatoid arthritis 5 and the isolation of aldosterone. Between 19, the adrenocorticosteroid hormones were isolated, and their structures were defined and synthesized. ![]() ![]() 3 In 1896, William Osler first administered adrenal extract to a patient with Addison disease, a feat that was repeated by others in animal and human studies over the next 40 years. 2 Just a year later, Brown-Séquard demonstrated that the adrenal glands were “organs essential for life” by performing adrenalectomies in dogs, cats, and guinea pigs. However, a functional role for the adrenal glands was not accurately defined until the pioneering work of Thomas Addison, who described the clinical and autopsy findings in 11 cases of Addison disease in his classic monograph in 1855. The anatomy of the adrenal glands was described almost 450 years ago by Bartolomeo Eustachius, 1 and the zonation of the gland and its distinction from the medulla were elucidated shortly thereafter. Shlomo Melmed MB ChB, MACP, in Williams Textbook of Endocrinology, 2020 The Adrenal Cortex-Historical Milestones ![]()
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